Decolonisation and Localisation: Transforming global development
Positive Minds | Positive Stories | Edition 053
Logos of a few global initiatives championing the localisation and decolonisation of global development and international cooperation.
The global development sector is at a critical juncture, grappling with the need to decolonise and localise its policies and practices. These efforts aim to dismantle the power imbalances that have historically characterised the sector and promote a more equitable and effective approach to humanitarian and development work. This blog explores the why, what and how of decolonisation and localisation, drawing on insights from recent discussions and initiatives.
The why: Uncovering the need for change
The impetus for decolonisation in global development is rooted in the recognition that the current system was built with a colonial mindset. This system perpetuates a power imbalance where those with resources and perceived knowledge dictate terms to those without. This long-standing imbalance has led to a disconnect between aid providers and recipients, often resulting in ineffective and culturally insensitive interventions.
Decolonisation is crucial to dismantling these outdated structures and building new, equitable partnerships. It means recognising the inherent power and agency of local communities and ensuring that their voices, rights and needs are at the heart of development efforts.
This shift involves procedural changes but also requires a fundamental change in the way power, agency and resources are distributed within the global development sector.
The what: identifying areas for change
Addressing the 'what' of decolonisation is a daunting challenge. It requires a comprehensive review of everything from funding models to programme implementation strategies. Just as a gardener needs to assess both the soil and the climate in order to cultivate a garden effectively, we need to assess various aspects of our operational environment to identify specific areas that need to be changed. This process requires a profound shift in mindset, initiating a deep, reflective understanding of coloniality in all its forms: power, race, knowledge, gender and socio-economic relations.
To support this exploration, Amitabh Behar, Oxfam's interim executive director, highlights four critical dimensions that global development must address to catalyse transformative change in his Devex opinion piece, "How to get from rhetoric to reality in decolonising development":
Decolonising design and structures: This includes relocating headquarters to the global south and democratising governance to ensure equal representation and decision-making power for all country units.
Decolonising money: This involves redistributing financial resources to the Global South, ensuring that most development funds are spent locally, and reducing the Northern bureaucracies that oversee these funds.
Decolonising Knowledge and Competence: This involves valuing local knowledge and frontline skills, investing in southern scholars and think tanks, and redefining competence to include field-based experience with higher pay and recognition.
Decolonising the theory of change: This approach advocates bottom-up design and decision-making in development interventions, ensuring that local groups have significant input and flexibility while also addressing broader issues of power distribution, resource allocation and knowledge production.
These dimensions are essential to creating a more balanced and effective development sector. They are the pillars upon which colonial legacies are built and must be addressed to achieve true decolonisation.
The How: Implementing Effective Strategies
Implementing decolonisation and localisation strategies requires strategic shifts within international non-governmental organisations (INGOs):
Dinosaurs to Chameleons: Moving from rigid structures to adaptable organisations that can respond to the diverse needs of communities.
Ostrich to Royal Eagle: Moving from risk aversion to strategic risk-taking to foster innovation and effective solutions.
Generalist to Specialist: Focusing on core competencies to maximise impact and effectiveness.
Cruise ship to speedboat: Transforming large, slow-moving organisations into agile entities that can adapt quickly.
Driver's Seat to Back Seat: empowering local partners to take the lead while INGOs provide support and facilitation.
These strategic shifts are essential for INGOs to remain relevant and effective in a changing world. They underscore the need for INGOs to rethink their role and work in true partnership with local actors. You can read more about these shifts in my article "Future of INGOs | Part 2: the era of shifting the power [from 'Global North' to 'Global South']".
Strengthening local voices
A crucial aspect of decolonisation and localisation is amplifying the voices of local actors. According to Mohamed Ali, founder and CEO of Iftiin Foundation, a local Somali NGO, this means ensuring that local communities have the agency to design, implement and evaluate development initiatives.
It underscores the importance of community agency and the need to recognise, value and strengthen the capacity, authority, influence and knowledge of local actors to ensure that those closest to the points of impact of development interventions are at the forefront.
It also means recognising and addressing inequalities within the Global South in order to create a truly inclusive and representative development sector.
Representation and accountability: Ensuring that local actors have a seat at the decision-making table and holding donors accountable for their commitments are essential steps towards achieving true localisation. Transparency and accountability are critical to turning rhetoric into reality and making tangible progress on localisation.
Ground-level insights: Understanding how localisation is playing out on the ground is essential to addressing gaps and challenges. Examples such as the ASAL Humanitarian Network in Kenya, where local responders lead decision-making processes, highlight the potential of localisation but also the need for continued efforts in funding and capacity building.
Moving forward: A call to action
The journey of decolonisation and localisation is a collective one, requiring commitment and action from all actors in the global development sector. As we embark on this journey, it is essential to
Apply decolonisation principles to daily work and long-term strategies.
Take concrete actions to shift mindsets and challenge colonial legacies.
Foster a culture that values and integrates local voices in decision-making processes.
By addressing these areas, the sector can break down barriers and build a more equitable and just humanitarian and development landscape. Ongoing dialogue and joint efforts will shape a more inclusive future and demonstrate that global development can indeed be transformed through collective action.
The push for decolonisation and localisation in global development is not just a trend but a necessary evolution to create a more just and effective sector. By understanding the why, addressing the what and implementing the how we can move towards a future where local voices are amplified, power is equitably distributed, and development initiatives truly reflect the needs and aspirations of the communities they aim to serve. Together, we can make significant progress towards a more equitable and sustainable global development sector.
Acknowledgements
This blog draws on insights from the following three articles I wrote in-house
Unpacking Decolonisation: Exploring the why, what and how within global development.
Reshaping Global Development: A reflective summary of the Pledge for Change retreat.
Amplifying Local Voices: Advancing Decolonisation and Localisation.
Special thanks to my Oxfam colleagues for sparking critical internal discussions on decolonisation; to our Interim CEO, Amitabh Behar, for insights on decolonising different dimensions of development; to Dr Salmah Eva-Lina Lawrence for her course on 'Conceptualising Decolonisation for Development'; and to Mohamed Ali, Founder and CEO of Iftiin Foundation, Kater Moger, Global Director of Pledge for Change, Degan Ali, Executive Director of Adeso, Rose Maruru, co-founder and CEO of EPIC-Africa, and Títílọpẹ Àjàyí, research and knowledge management consultant etc for their contributions to the discourse on localisation and decolonisation.
